Contemporary Literary Criticism Flashcard

Contemporary Literary Criticism

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism Case Study

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism Case Study Free Online Research Papers In this paper, I will attempt to summarize the article written by Sarah J. Egan and Paula Hine of the Curtin University of Technology, Australia. This study focused on the value that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has in treating perfectionism in 4 adults diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or depression. According to the case study, perfectionism can obstruct the treatment of psychological disorders (Shafron Masell, 2001). CBT is used to examine and cure numerous psychological disorders, however, perfectionism has never been immensely explored and few studies of CBT have been of a controlled design nature. The conductors of this case study chose the A-B single case experimental design series to conduct this study. This particular study measures the degree of the behavior targeted for change through repetitive observations across two phases of study: A=baseline and B=treatment. The subjects are also observed before and after the manipulation of the independent variable (Comer, 2008). The independent variable in this study is the therapy. The four participants chosen for the study were selected from a Clinic waitlist. Seventeen of the 45 adults on the waitlist, who received dispersed information about the study, completed the Beck Depression Inventory, which evaluates depressive symptoms and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale which measures perfectionism with the implementation of subscales: Concern over mistakes (CM), Personal Standards (PS), Parental Expectations (PE), Parental Criticism (PC), Doubts about Actions (DA), and Organization (O). An assessment interview was conducted, devising CB maintaining mechanisms and administering the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to establish the DSM-IV diagnosis. From this diagnosis is how the subjects were chosen. The participants as follows: Participant A. A 60 year old married female diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder who was scared of saying anything incorrect and that catastrophic events were more likely to occur if she thought certain thoughts. Participant B. A 59 year old divorced female diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia and bipolar I in remission. Participant C. a 39 year old married male with diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and secondary diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Participant D. A 62 year old divorced female diagnosed with major depressive episodes and panic disorder with agoraphobia. Treatment was conducted by a clinical psychologist trainee under the supervision of an experienced clinical psychologist. Treatments were arranged into 1 hour sessions, once per week for 8 weeks and a follow up session after 2 weeks. Sessions were videotaped and 2 were indiscriminately selected for adherence rating by an independent psychologist who determined if the study stayed focused on the topic at hand. Treatments were comprised of cognitive behavioral techniques such as dichotomous thinking (Shafran et al., 2002; Egan, Piek, Dyck, Rees, 2007), rigid, achievement-oriented goals (Burns, 1980, Shafran et al.), hyper vigilant and biased monitoring of performance (Shafran, et al.) and a plan for assessment of self worth (DiBartolo, Frost, Chang, LaSota, Grills, 2004; Shafran et al.). The clinical psychologists also implemented different strategies such as behavioral experiments to test negative cognitions and thought records to challenge selective attention and self criticism. Once all treatments and follow-ups were completed, only two out of four participants had significant clinical reduction scores for total perfectionism. There were no significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. The area CBT for perfectionism needs further study to determine its effectiveness and benefit as treatment for perfectionism, depression and anxiety disorders. This article proved to be a great example of the use of the cognitive model of therapy. The clinical psychologists zoned in on the mind of the participants in an attempt to â€Å"reprogram† their thinking about themselves. One â€Å"flaw† I noticed was the selection of candidates for this study. I didn’t feel the variation was large enough. All participants were of the same age group. Perhaps a person from each of the decadal age groups after 20 years old would have offered better exposure. Another issue I found with the CBT treatment for perfectionism is that it doesn’t affect the depressive and anxiety disorders, thus requiring further treatments for patients. Treatments may have to be broken out in to CBT for Perfectionism and then another session for CBT for Anxiety and Depressive Disorders, possibly causing the patient to become â€Å"bored† and abandon the treatments. An all inclusive treatment will have to be established to avoid this. References Burns, D.D. (1980). Feeling good: The new mood therapy. New York: New American Library. Comer, R.J. (2008). Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology. DiBartolo, P.M., Frost, R.O., Chang, P., LaSota, M., Grills, A.E. (2004). Shedding light on the relationship between personal standards and psychopathology: The case for conditional self-worth. Journal of Rational–Emotive and Cognitive–Behavior Therapy, 22, 241–254. Egan, S.J., Piek, J.P., Dyck, M.J., Rees, C.S. (2007). The role of dichotomous thinking and rigidity in perfectionism. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 1813–1822. Shafran, R., Mansell, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 879–906. Research Papers on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism Case StudyResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Riordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Should liability for payment of damages caused by nuclear accidents Essay

Should liability for payment of damages caused by nuclear accidents lie primarily on the nuclear operator, a compensation Fund o - Essay Example The Paris and Vienna Conventions places absolute liability on nuclear operators and the subsequent Compensation Convention places responsibility on nuclear states to provide supplementary funds for victims who have claims against nuclear operators under the Paris or Vienna Conventions or similarly structured national laws. Given the limited means of insurance for nuclear operators, and states’ general obligations under customary international law to contain environmental damages, together with obligations under the Compensation Convention, states bear primary responsibility for compensating victims of nuclear damages. This research study investigates whether or not the law as established under the international regime is as it should be. Should the nuclear state, the state’s compensation fund or nuclear operators be primarily responsible for compensating victims of nuclear incidents? Or should the status quo remain in which states via international obligations and the a uspices of compensation funds be primarily responsible for compensating victims of nuclear incidents or accidents? This research paper argues that both the nuclear operator and the state should equally share responsibility for compensating victims of nuclear incidents or accidents. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Background and Overview: Nuclear Accidents and Liability Under International Law 6 The Nuclear Operator 9 The Nuclear State 14 Compensation Funds 16 Analysis 18 Conclusion 21 Bibliography 22 Introduction The international legal framework for establishing and recovering damages resulting from nuclear accidents is governed by three international instruments. The instruments are: the Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy 1968 [hereinafter the Paris Convention], the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, 1977 [Hereinafter the Vienna Convention] and the Joint Protocol Relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention, 1988 [Hereinafter the Joint Protocol]. The Vienna Convention is vastly similar to the Paris Convention and this is reflected in the Joint Protocol. Essentially, the international legal framework forms the basis of member state’s national laws with respect to liability relative to nuclear accidents.1 Essentially, the international instruments on liability for nuclear accidents assigns liability to the operator of nuclear facilities, with specific exceptions. This is problematic for uniformity in assigning liability since the international instruments are only binding on member states. As will be demonstrated in this research, even where non-contracting states adopt national laws and policies that are consistent with the Paris and Vienna Conventions, the Conventions only set minimum standards for assessing and measuring liability. As a result, there is no universal law assuring victims of the same level of compensation. While a large number of states a re parties to the international instruments, Ireland, Austria and Switzerland, which form a part of the EU are not parties to these instruments. Austria, perceives that the international Conventions and the subsequent Joint Protocol function to limit liability for victims of nuclear accidents and to preserve the nuclear power plants. As a result, Austria’

Educational Linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Educational Linguistics - Essay Example The Spartans of Greeks uses the education for military and discipline purposes to make every citizen invincible in war and to develop conformity and obedience. They have physical and military education, moral training, very little intellectual trainings, music, gymnastic and vocational education. All financing was shouldered by the State. The most that we can emulate from the Spartans is the military education and the development of patriotism and discipline. The Athenians are the greatest lawmakers of all time. They use education for creating good citizens, individual excellences and many-sided development. There is civic and moral trainings, physical and intellectual education and arts. This early Athenians have contributed the free development of all human capacities and the Olympic Games. The Later Athenians came by the Sophist, pragmatic and utilitarian, also by Socrates, as education is used for the development of the power of thinking, by Plato, to control by intellectual rulers and by Aristotle, as education is used for rational living. They have moral and professional, vocational, domestic and intellectual trainings, physical, military and civic trainings, aesthetic and cultural education, sports and games. We learned from them, the Socratic method of teaching, the realm of philosophy of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and others. Also the Euclidean geometry and the arts and classical literature. The Romans are also part of the stem of education. Education was for practical purposes, in which it is use to produce men who would be active and efficient in daily life. Also in moral, military, civic and political and religious also for oratorical or in public speaking. They need speech trainings literacy and vocational education. The outstanding contribution of them is the methods of organization, management and administrations. The Early Christians also used education during their times like in learning their relationship with God. Also for their salvation and social relations which are based on love. They use the lecture method in teaching, dialectic or the question and answer method) Aphorism, parable method and figures of speech. They contributed to humanity is the Christianity . The education we have now is the product of the long processes and progressions that happened on the past time. The traditional Education's foundation, that starts from the primitive people, in which the education aims to survival and security from the natural phenomena and from the wild animals and the believed evil spirits, hunger and from other tribes. There is no classrooms intended for studies, their agencies of education is the home and their environment. There is no organization of grades also. All instruction was than informally, enculturation. They learn from observation and imitation, from simple telling and demonstration and also from participation.

Computer Sciences and Information Technology Essay - 6

Computer Sciences and Information Technology - Essay Example This project declares that technology has created its impacts on education and training. People who use social networking websites on a daily basis, posting minute to minute updates, people who listen to music wherever they go on the most latest gadget in the market, people who feel handicapped without such technologies; these people are referred to as the digital natives. Digital natives are those that are born into the culture of technology. Since the day they were born, they have seen technology, observed it, seen its advancement and have the opportunity to gain hand on experience on them. This paper stresses that the digital natives follow a culture that is irrespective of age and is shared by all the millenials. This culture is dependent on certain characteristic that is accompanied by certain incidents that the native experience while growing up in a technological environment and this effects how they deal with the people, institutions and with everything that does not belong to the digital era. There are many educators who are excited about the new generation of students entering various educational institutions. These people have seen technology all their life. This research was conducted on the digital natives themselves and how it affected their education and social skills. There are many institutions that have trained the lecturers to teach online due to increased demand by the students. Many of the Americans are bicultural and live on two cultures in their life.

Zara History And Background Commerce Essay

Zara History And Background Commerce Essay The middle-aged mothers buy dresses at Zara chain because theyre discounted, while the generation aged in the mid-20s buys Zara clothes because its fashionable. Obviously, Zara has strong retail shops, low price, being in fashion. Zara was and still an interesting case study for lots of other retailers and fashion traders in the world. Zara History and Background The founder of Zara, Amanico Ortega, opened his first Zara in 1975 in Central Street in downtown of Spain. The first store featured is low-priced and look like popular products, higher clothing fashion. The shop proved to be success, and Amanico began opening more Zara shops in Spain. During 1980 Ortega started to change the designs, producing and the distribution process to reduce times and respond to new trends rapidly, in what he known as (Instant Fashions). Zara built its improvements after developing its information technologies in fashion field and theyre using groups of fashion designers instead of individual ones. In 1980 Zara started international expansion through Porto. In 1989, Zara entered France and United States in 1990. International expansion increased in Mexico 1993, Greece 1995, Sweden and Belgium 1995, till getting over 70 countries by 2001. Zara runs 500 shops around the world and all the shops are company owned. Zara is one of the international retailer that manufactures, designs and sells clothing, accessories and footwear for men, women aged 15 to 45 and children. Zara is one of the leading internationalized retailers, (Zara ,Massimo Dutti ,Pull Bear ,Bershka) Zara company controls the supply chain and designing. Zara built its own manufactory and they established business model, called JIT system. Zara could design new products and completed goods in 4 to 5 weeks, also can modify the existing products in as little as 2 weeks. If any design does not sell good in a week, it will be withdrawn from all shops, added orders will be canceled and new design will be pursued as shortening products life cycle means better success in customer preferences. Besides, Zara has a series of standard designs that is coming over every year. Zara is also becoming the worldÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s leading fashion company and its brand has exceeded expectations. As they have strong design team. Zara Business model Zara business models can be divided into three components: Value drivers, capabilities and concept. Zara concept is maintaining design, producing that will allow Zara to react rapidly to changes in customer demands. SOWT ANALISYIS [ZARA] Analysis is strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treats .Zara marketing strategy is very effective. Strengths: 1) Normally, retails industries take about 3 to 5 months to obtain new seasonal fashion collection. Zara is able to distribute products within 2 weeks to the customers, because goods are moving rapidly through Zara shops, buyers worry to buy a product that it might no longer be available other time. 2) 70 countries with 500 shops positioned in the best shopping center, More than 350 cities in Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia. Weakness: 1) Zara is different than its competitors such as Benetton and Gap, doesnt use Asia outsources. 70% of ZaraÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s controlled facilities in Galicia of Spain. The competitors of Zara have outsources to low-cost Asian countries such as china for low cost labor and production 2) Zara spends 0.3% of total incomes on marketing and advertising. This concept is lesser than its competitors which their average spend 3-4% on advertising Opportunities: 1) Zara Company concentrates in strategy on the close cooperation with customer by use the new technologies, such as online shopping 2) Zara competitors, such as Gap and Benetton, but the key of success of Zara is more fashionable and the price is less Threats: 1) Protection laws are 1 of the threats that Zara face in the potential market, disasters in the Galicia region of Spain and government instability. 2) The profits will be affected if the oil price rises as weekly distributions and that will charges high cost transportation. PorterÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s Five Forces [ZARA] 1. Rivalry Therere few fast-design fashion shops like Zara around the world as this unique feature allows Zara to get high profit without spending a lot of money on advertisements to reach the market share. 2. Treat of new Entry Profitability and unique feature attract traders with investment to enter the fashion market. it could be very difficult to collect all the labor force needed in a short time. If traders want to enter this market, they should have sufficient time to be prepared. 3. Supplier Power Zara and any fashion shops usually have weak supplier power because of the purpose that their objective is to attract all potential buyers to buy their goods. 4. Threat of Substitute Generally, fashion industries are very changeable in many existing competitors as they want to control the next big tendency. However Zara is still different from other fashion shops in terms of creative designs and constant innovation. 5. Buyer Power Therere many people who have loyalty to Zara. Regardless of the brand name, Consumers purchase what they like. Segmentation Target market-Zara Who is the customer? ZaraÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s target audience is youth, price awareness, and extremely sensitive to latest fashion designs. They have competitive advantage over old-fashioned retailers because they dont describe their target by segmenting lifestyles and ages giving them broader market. Zara segments their products line by women (60%), men (25%) and the fast growing children (15%). Targeting specific segment of the market, this could be a great strategy. Market segmentation is the process of targeting groups of consumers who have common needs. Therere many different ways to segment Markets such as segmenting products, segmenting service requirements, segmenting geographic locations demographic segment, or segmenting lifestyles. To create successful segmentation, we need to understand what customers need, how customers decide between products, and how group of consumers demand different things, Zara targeted a wide-ranging gap in retail market as it targets consumers who interested in fast fashion to be updated with latest fashion designs. In order to target the market, Zaras strategy runs its shops in important locations and provides its customers with turnover time of 3 to 4 weeks for its new fashion collections. Besides, the strong brand name, the collection of fashion dresses, accessories and marketing campaigns which pulls target markets to Zara shops.

the enlightenment :: essays research papers fc

Women are not advancing in the workplace at an appropriate rate. Sharon Webster is angry. She has been an employee at Merrill Lynch for the past 18 years immediately after graduating from college. It’s a nice job with above the board benefits and perks and an excellent health care plan. So what could be the source of her indignation? Recently, she had applied for a vacant position but was betered by a male counterpart who is less qualified and has fewer years of experience. Sounds familiar? Studies have shown that there is still widespread discrimination of women in the workplace on various levels. Globally, the work world remains generally intractable and indifferent to the socio-economic ambitions of women. The corporate creature keeps them at arm’s-length, barring them from a ‘circle of fellowship’, whose price for admission is usually a cocktail of testosterone and connections. Society usually gives us the general impression that women are rapidly climbing the ladder of commercial success. But is this really true? Th e United Nations Chartered Council shows that in the workplace 73.2% of supervisors are men while a meagre 26.8% are women. Think about that for minute-that’s a gigantic gap. And what would you say if I told that in most countries- while women make up a significant portion of the work force- they are paid significantly less than men and are subjected to sub-level positions, would this surprise you? But it is true. Women in the work place are bearing the scars inflicted by the monster of gender discrimination which are as deep as the well of tears that has also marked their struggle. This discrimination manifests itself in various ways: while they are very much present in the workplace, they are hardly securing executive and managerial positions while being highly qualified; they are often not being paid at the same level as males for the same positions. Also, due to these gender biased blows and society’s entrenched gender gap they often times develop low self-esteem. With respect to work relations, John Stuart Mill remarks, â€Å"Millions of women are enduring the brunt of gender bias in the workplace† (67). But this quote still leaves us with an abstracted sense of what is really going on; let us take a closer look at the underbelly of gender discrimination, particularly, the snubbing of scores of women for promotion even when they are more qualified than their male counterparts.

Poor Intercultural Communication That Significantly Affected International Commerce or Foreign Policy Essay

In the following paper, I will analyze one of my habits and how the habit was developed. I will discuss whether or not there were role models during the formation of this habit and which, if any, people influenced the adoption of this habit. If I continue this habit and if there has ever been a time when I have attempted to break this habit will be analyzed as well. The behavioral personality theory will be used to explain why I formed this habit. I will describe components of social and cognitive theory and explain why the habit formed. I will also develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change this habit. In conclusion, I will discuss which theory best explains my personality. When I was an adolescent child I remember absolutely despising three things in life, littering, drunk- people, and smoking, usually in that specified order too, smoking obviously being my least favorite of the three. It seemed like everyone I knew smoked, my entire family, including parents and grandparents, my cousins, even my friend’s parents, I didn’t understand why either. Wherever I went, whosever house, home, or vehicle I was in, friend or family, it was always filled with smoke, I hated that smell! I couldn’t seem to escape it, and whenever they smoked it was constantly in my face and eyes. I vowed then and there to never ever smoke, no matter what life occurrences transpire. When I turned sixteen, I started smoking. At first, I think I just enjoyed the so-called â€Å"buzz† from the nicotine rush when someone first begins smoking, we were young teenagers full of angst and rebelliousness, experimenting and trying new things and experiences. I was still underage so it was still illegal for me to buy or possess cigarettes, but teenagers are resourceful when it comes to these matters. Since everyone else was doing it I never looked-up-to any one person or had any specific role models, it was just normal behavior at that time and place. Within the first six months is when I realized I was probably addicted to the nicotine, and didn’t really find smoking as enjoyable. I didn’t exactly dislike smoking anymore, and I was fully aware or the dangers, but I think the most influential aspect was just my friends, it wasn’t peer-pressure, I just didn’t want to feel left out. I currently smoke, much less now than ever before, but I is still do enjoy the relaxing effects of cigarettes. I have quit several times throughout my life, but not from any gum, patches, or assistance programs, just sheer will power. When I was nineteen, I got so angry at myself for constantly smoking non-stop, I finally threw my packs in the trash and said told myself, â€Å"This is enough! † It was nearly three years later, after being cigarette-free for this entire duration, when I was paying for gas inside a convenience store and noticed my old brand behind the counter, staring me in the face of course, I decided to try it once more, and I have continued smoking ever since. Health psychology looks at the complex array of biological, social and psychological factors that influence our health and illness-related behavior. Smoking is a biological addiction, with nicotine as an additive, there is more likely a chance of being â€Å"hooked† on cigarettes than the physical addiction to nicotine. When people want to quit, they also have a psychological habit to break. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors, famous people, or athletes. This can lead us to emulate their behavior and try smoking. There is an almost immediate effect on our brains with those first cigarettes, so we keep smoking to get this reward. Later we learn to associate smoking with other activities such as drinking coffee, going to the bar or club, or consuming alcohol etc. We can become conditioned so just the thought of the activity triggers the need for a cigarette, just like Pavlov’s dogs learned to drool at the sound of a bell. These psychological associations remain when smokers try to quit. Finally, you learn to keep smoking, because if you try to quit you are punished by withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability, snappiness, or lack of concentration. Allowing oneself to have a cigarette gets rid of these symptoms, negatively reinforcing the desire to carry on smoking. Such conditioning keeps you hooked on smoking because the reward when you smoke is instant, whereas it takes years before you become aware of the damage in terms of your health. Similarly, when you try to quit, the ‘punishment’ of withdrawal symptoms comes quickly, whereas the benefits of better health take longer to realize. â€Å"Smoking: psychological and social influences,† ). Nearly all of my friends and I were raised in a home with cigarette addicts, we were exposed to the behaviors, values, and beliefs that have supported the addictive behaviors of these parents or caretakers. As a result, these learned addictive behaviors were incorporated into our cognitive processes, they became virtually subconscious thoughts and left us with a distorted sense of normalcy concerning family function and a full repertoire for justifying our own substance abuse and future addictions. Being raised in such environments as we were, I think may have also contributed to us becoming more likely to develop our individual behaviors which allowed us, or deemed us enablers for other substance abusers or addicts. Whether or not cigarettes are legal, they do contain drugs and additives, and in my opinion the addiction to, or use of these products should still be classified as substance abuse. I want to quit smoking before it is too late and I face serious health consequences as a result, so I have devised a few operant conditioning techniques to limit my personal intake. The first technique I used, which did not last long, was a contingency plan between myself, and one of my roommates, where we put a decently reasonable and affordable amount of money into a collective jar throughout a given week, whichever one of us did not smoke that week received all of the money back, providing positive reinforcement. This attempt failed miserably because of actual cost and affordability reasons. Another positive reinforcement technique I used was a self-rewards plan, where I would allow myself to eat or consume something delicious, watch a television program or movie, or perform an activity I thoroughly enjoy if I don’t smoke, and if I slipped up, I had to deny myself these simple pleasures. Another good technique my father taught me, which is negative, is immediate punishment. This is a very effective way to help me unlearn my behavior. I sometimes keep a rubber band on my wrist. Before I start smoking that cigarette, I snap it against my wrist as painfully as possible right after I light it, and again after I finish. This provides an unpleasant consequence to smoking in the form of pain which makes smoking a much less appealing practice. Although it does not cause great pain, which I seem to have a high tolerance to, it seems to work well. There are other pain inducing negative reinforcement techniques I sometimes use, but I chose to explain this one since the others are a bit extreme. Although my habitual behavior coincides and plays an important role with my personality, it is apparent both theories are relevant. I think the social/cognitive theory best explains my habitual behavior and tendencies, in terms of the environment I was raised in and the exposure I had to others and my surroundings, but my personality is still more behavior theory based and related. In writing and researching this paper, I discovered some different yet knowledgeable approaches to forming habits and how one of my own personal habits may have been formed. I have also found some techniques which will hopefully help me break free of this wretched and unhealthy habit in the not too distant future before any health complications arise.

Wireless Networking essays

Wireless Networking essays Wireless networking is a quickly growing trend in the technology field. But unlike most trends in this business, wireless is here to stay. Businesses and individuals alike enjoy the speed and convenience of wireless networking. There are no wires to deal with, making the desk and floor space around the area less cluttered. For these reasons and more that Ill discuss here wireless networking is not going to go away like some technologies of the past. Lets start off by taking a few minutes to talk about networking in general, what it is and how it works. Networking is taking one or more computers and/or printers and connecting them in such a way that they can communicate with each other and share information. This is done either by connecting all computers together so that they communicate with every other computer on the network, or by connecting all of them to a centralized server. The server stores all information for the network so that when a user request a file he/she just looks on the server and doesnt have to know which computer the file is located on. Putting a centralized server in a network makes administration of the network much easier. Whether it be a roll out of an operating system or the implementation of new software program, putting it on a centralized server and rolling it out from there makes an administrators job much easier. This is usually done on larger networks. For smaller networks workgroups are normally set up. In workgroups all files are stored on the computer where they were created and are shared across the network. The creator (owner) of the file can give permissions to whomever he/she wants to control who sees, edits, adds too, or deletes the file. This type of network is only recommended for networks smaller than ten computers. Of course I would recommend no more than five or six computers but its up to the person implementing the network to decide their individual needs. ...

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight †April2016

Scholarship Spotlight – April2016 Every month, we select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply, check out our tips on  How to Write a Scholarship Essay. Visit   Essay Lab  if you’re looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback on your scholarship or college application essays! HotelsCheap Scholarship Program   Amount: $1,500 Eligibility:  Applicants must be residents of the United States and at least 16 years of age. Scholarship rules and terms can be found here. Requirements:  To apply for the scholarship, he or she must answer four personal, open-ended, and thought-provoking questions. The students whose responses are the most persuasive, compelling, and well-written, as judged by our executive management team will be considered finalists. Due Date: April 15, 2016 Learn more and apply Pelican Water Sustainability Scholarship   Amount: $1,500,  $1,000, and  $500 (3 Winners) Eligibility: Must be legal US residents, must be currently enrolled full-time at an accredited university in the US Requirements: Write an essay on:  What are some ways to increase awareness about the negative environmental and social impacts of single use bottled water and how would you convince people to filter their own water at home? Include  Transcripts: High School Graduate (or equivalent): 3.5 or higher cumulative GPA or University: 3.5 or higher cumulative GPA. Reference: One letter of recommendation.  Submit applications (and all associated materials) to submissions@pelicanwater.com. Due Date: April 15, 2016 Learn more and apply Harbor Breeze Cruises Advertising and Social Media Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Eligibility: Harbor Breeze Cruises Announces its $1,000 Advertising and Social Media Scholarship. This scholarship acknowledges the increasing importance of advertising and social media for businesses to be able to compete and thrive in the future. Must have plans to be enrolled as a college/university student within the United States starting fall 2016. Must have a cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 (or the equivalent). Must be an American citizen, permanent resident, or hold a valid student visa. Must submit an essay meeting the specifications in the description. The essay must be the applicants original work. Requirements: Essay Please write an essay that answers the following questions: How do you foresee social media and advertising evolving in the future? What will the next generations of customers expect? How can Harbor Breeze Cruises, as a whale watch operations, engage these customers going into the future? How can Harbor Breeze Cruises stand out from the competition going forward in the future? Letter of Recommendation Written by a teacher, this letter will evaluate the students academic merit. Your Photo Your photo will be posted on this website if chosen as a recipient of the award. Due Date: April 30, 2016 at 11:59 PM PST. Learn more and apply Sleeping Angels Co. Scholarship Program Amount: $2,000 to 3 winners Eligibility:   Sleeping Angels Co. cares not only about families and parents, but also wants to plan for the future. To aide with this Sleeping Angels Co. has set up a scholarship for college students. This is to help offset the expensive costs of higher education, while remaining focused on their education and not how to pay off their education. We know that students are becoming more and more creative each and every year and we want to acknowledge those achievements. We are excited to bring about this scholarship to college students. Currently  enrolled as  college/university student within the United States of America Cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 American citizen, permanent resident, or hold a valid student visa is a requirement for participants Requirements:   Submit an essay describing the  evolution of the nanny in the 21st century (must be 100% unique) Upload an essay, letter of recommendation, and photo of yourself before submitting the application by clicking the Upload Scholarship Documents button and uploading files all at once. All of the following documents must be included: Essay: The essay should describe the goal of the particular project and provide the link to access the content such as the blog, app, etc. (if applicable). Letter of Recommendation: The letter should evaluate the quality of the work. Your Photo: The photo should be one taken during project execution. Due Date: April 30, 2016 at 11:59 PST. Learn more and apply

Is Nationalism best understood as a rational phenomenon Essay

Is Nationalism best understood as a rational phenomenon - Essay Example The specificity of nationalism, that which distinguishes nationality from other types of identity, derives from the fact that nationalism locates the source of individual identity within a â€Å"people†, which for its part has been acknowledged as the bearer of sovereignty, the central object of loyalty, and the basis of collective solidarity. The foundation of nationalism, argued Liah Greenfeld (1992), without which no nationalism is possible, is an idea; nationalism is a particular perspective or a style of thought and that the idea of the nation lies in it core. (p. 3-4) Scholars are at odds as to when did nationalism emerge. However, they are in unison in saying that it started in Europe. For instance, there are those who argue that nationalism came out of Britain in the sixteenth century. There are those who believe such as Andrew Vincent (2002), that nationalism’s groundwork was established during the French and American revolutions. (p. 46) Nonetheless, the concept has signified the beginning of modernity, corresponding with the growth and modernization of states. This does not mean, however, that there were no instances of group loyalty and allegiance in the past. They were not simply considered nationalist as we understand the term today. The membership of an individual in a country is not a voluntary issue, though some times it is said to be voluntary. Nationalism is involuntary when a member of a country is born in a particular nation. It was not a choice to be born there, so it is involuntary. People who decide to change their citizenship and get that of another country are voluntarily members of their country of choice. This argument has become significant when we talk about ability to consider and choose between alternatives, which â€Å"entitle one to decide what was best for oneself and was the basis for the recognition of the autonomy

Team Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Leadership and Management - Essay Example 33). The solutions and strategies proposed by the authors are really practical in today's multinational organizations. Different tasks make a degree of different contributions to the team's various functions in production, support, and well-being. Although technological changes are usually aimed at modifying the team's production function, they almost always have profound effects on the team well-being and member support functions as well. The sharing among team members of both access to the hardware portions of the new technology and of the expertise needed to use and understand the new systems may provide brand new range of the distribution of status and power within a team, dimensions that compare quite poorly with the prior status structure. In terms of underlying social-exchange dynamics, the principal rewards and costs concern task achievement or success. In modern multi-national companies the affective or emotional factor of teamwork is important to all relationships. It is le ss so in task-based, personal relationships than in purely social roles. Team-based approach plays a much important role in the development of team relations than it does in organizations in general (Northhouse, 2003). I agree with the authors that teamwork should be flexible and fit with environmental changes. I would add communication as one of the most important elements in teamwork. The major reason Critique: Team LED 501 for past success is open communication policy and the ability to get people to work together as team. A team leader sees themselves having an informative meeting with employees. They should emphasize open door policy and encourage employees to use it. The task of the team leader is to inform team members that they would like to have some formal meetings for brainstorming and troubleshooting purposes and some informal meetings just as an excuse to get together. Virtually, members of a multi-national workforce behave the same way as traditional teams but pay more attention to interpersonal communication and interaction. In a virtual or practical environment, working relationships vary in their empathy or understanding, effectiveness, and power. The results of ineffective communication range from minor embarrassment to critical problems. Minor embarrassment occurs when we show up at a friend's house for a party on the wrong night; a critical problem occurs. As a human resource professional, one of leaders' responsibilities is to develop and improve the communication process in organization. The authors explain how effective teamwork or group effort can enhance the communication process. The authors do not pay attention to problems and conflicts take place in virtual environment. The communication process is rich with imagery and descriptions. Words and other forms of communication are symbols that bring to mind mental images. In fact, communi cations is basically the management of symbols or language. It is through use of these mental images that we communicate and convey relationships and promote understanding that generates the necessary action to accomplish organizational goals and objectives. These ideas might be supported by the Bible saying: "And do not forget to do